Using a Query

A CSS pseudo-class is a keyword added to a selector that specifies a special state of the selected element(s). For example, :hover can be used to change a button’s color when the user’s pointer hovers over it.

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Other pseudo-elements and pseudo-class selectors, :not() can be chained with other pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements. For example, the following will add a “New!” word to list items that do not have a .old class name, using the ::after

Trivia & Notes

The :not() selector is chainable with more :not() selectors. For example, the following will match all articles except the one with an ID #featured, and then will filter out the articles with a class name .tutorial:

article:not(#featured):not(.tutorial) {
    /* style the articles that match */
}

Just like other pseudo-elements and pseudo-class selectors, :not() can be chained with other pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements. For example, the following will add a “New!” word to list items that do not have a .old class name, using the ::after pseudo-element:

li:not(.old)::after {
    content: "New!";
    color: deepPink;
}

You can see a live demo in the Live Demo section below.

On the Specificity of Selectors

The specificity of the :not() pseudo-class is the specificity of its argument. The :not() pseudo-class does not add to the selector specificity, unlike other pseudo-classes.

The simple selector that :not() takes as an argument can be any of the following:

• Type selector (e.g p, span, etc.)
• Class selector (e.g .element, .sidebar, etc.)
• ID selector (e.g #header)
• Pseudo-class selector (e.g :first-child, :last-of-type)

Reference

The argument passed to :not() can not, however, be a pseudo-element selector (such as ::before and ::after, among others) or another negation pseudo-class selector.

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Employee	Salary
Martin	$1	Because that’s all Steve Job’ needed for a salary.
John	$100K	For all the blogging he does.
Robert	$100M	Pictures are worth a thousand words, right? So Tom x 1,000.
Jane	$100B	With hair like that?! Enough said…

Useful Fallbacks

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Just like other pseudo-elements and pseudo-class selectors, :not() can be chained with other pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements. For example, the following will add a “New!” word to list items that do not have a .old class name, using the ::after pseudo-element:

element:not(.old)::after {
    content: "New!";
    color: deepPink;
}   

You can see a live demo in the Live Demo section below.